Autoimmune hemolytic anemia involves a disruption of the immune system in which it attacks the body and red blood cells. This leads to severe and potentially life-threatening anemia. Often times the cause is unknown, though infection, certain drug reactions, cancer and other diseases can disrupt the immune system. It can also occur in newborns due to antibodies in the mother's milk.
Symptoms include breathing difficulty, bruising, joint pain, pale gums, and weakness. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurs more frequently in females, as well as in certain breeds, including Cocker Spaniels, Collies, English Springer Spaniels, Old English Sheep Dogs, and Shetland Sheep Dogs.
Laboratory tests are needed to diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Treatment often involves immediate blood transfusions, though less severe cases may be treated with medication, primarily prednisolone. Other medications which may be used in treatment include cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Treatment with anti-cancer drugs or surgery to remove the spleen are sometimes necessary. Though treatment may be successful, relapses can occur. |
