Discoid lupus is an immune mediated skin disease. It is believed to be related to systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE, but rather than affecting the whole body, the nose and face are mostly affected. The disease typically starts with a loss of pigmentation around the nose. There may also be scabby sores or scaling of the nasal tissues and the surface of the nose may become smooth. Over times, deep sores may develop on the borders of the nose leading up the bridge of the nose.
For treatment, a corticosteroid ointment applied topically may be sufficient in many cases, though more severe cases may require oral corticosteroids. Vitamin E has also been shown to be beneficial. Though there is no known cause, the disease is more common in areas with increased exposure to ultraviolet light, such as in high altitudes. Further, if the depigmentation leads to sunburn, the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is increased. Because of this, it can be very beneficial to limit sun exposure by applying topical sunscreens or keeping a dog indoors during peak sunlight hours. Discoid lupus tends to occur more frequently in certain breeds, including Brittany Spaniels, Collies, German Shepherds, German Shorthaired Pinter, Shetland Sheepdogs, and Siberian Huskies. |
